Lunar Surface Engineering Properties Experiment Definition

The objectives of the research under this contract are to define geological and engineering problems associated with lunar exploration that depend on the knowledge of the mechanical properties of soil and rock for solution and to perform critical evaluation of available information relating to the composition, structure, and engineering properties of lunar surface materials.Submitted to : National Aeronautics and Space Administration, George C. Marshall Space Flight Center. Contract Number NAS 8-21432. Control Number DCN l-8-28-00056(IF)By James K. Mitchell, Richard E. Goodman, William N. Houston, Paul A. WitherspoonLunar soil simulation / W. N. Houston, L. I. Narniq, and J. K. Mitchell -- Friction angle of lunar surface soils estimated from boulder tracks / H. J. Hovland and J. K. Mitchell -- Trafficability of the lunar surface / J. B. Thompson and J. K. Mitchell -- Chemical impregnation techniques as related to lunar engineering applications / T. s. Vinson and J. K. Mitchell -- Failure of a borehole in soil or rock under dilatometer loading and under borehole jack loading / T. K. Van and R. E. Goodman -- Appendix - Detailed description of model studies / K. Drozd, T. K. Van, and R. E. Goodman -- Studies on fluid conductivity of lunar surface materials / D. F. Katz, D. R. Willis, and P. A. Witherspoon.Second quarterly repor

Laparoscopy in management of appendicitis in high-, middle-, and low-income countries: a multicenter, prospective, cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Appendicitis is the most common abdominal surgical emergency worldwide. Differences between high- and low-income settings in the availability of laparoscopic appendectomy, alternative management choices, and outcomes are poorly described. The aim was to identify variation in surgical management and outcomes of appendicitis within low-, middle-, and high-Human Development Index (HDI) countries worldwide. METHODS: This is a multicenter, international prospective cohort study. Consecutive sampling of patients undergoing emergency appendectomy over 6 months was conducted. Follow-up lasted 30 days. RESULTS: 4546 patients from 52 countries underwent appendectomy (2499 high-, 1540 middle-, and 507 low-HDI groups). Surgical site infection (SSI) rates were higher in low-HDI (OR 2.57, 95% CI 1.33-4.99, p = 0.005) but not middle-HDI countries (OR 1.38, 95% CI 0.76-2.52, p = 0.291), compared with high-HDI countries after adjustment. A laparoscopic approach was common in high-HDI countries (1693/2499, 67.7%), but infrequent in low-HDI (41/507, 8.1%) and middle-HDI (132/1540, 8.6%) groups. After accounting for case-mix, laparoscopy was still associated with fewer overall complications (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.42-0.71, p < 0.001) and SSIs (OR 0.22, 95% CI 0.14-0.33, p < 0.001). In propensity-score matched groups within low-/middle-HDI countries, laparoscopy was still associated with fewer overall complications (OR 0.23 95% CI 0.11-0.44) and SSI (OR 0.21 95% CI 0.09-0.45). CONCLUSION: A laparoscopic approach is associated with better outcomes and availability appears to differ by country HDI. Despite the profound clinical, operational, and financial barriers to its widespread introduction, laparoscopy could significantly improve outcomes for patients in low-resource environments. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT02179112

Pooled analysis of WHO Surgical Safety Checklist use and mortality after emergency laparotomy

Background The World Health Organization (WHO) Surgical Safety Checklist has fostered safe practice for 10 years, yet its place in emergency surgery has not been assessed on a global scale. The aim of this study was to evaluate reported checklist use in emergency settings and examine the relationship with perioperative mortality in patients who had emergency laparotomy. Methods In two multinational cohort studies, adults undergoing emergency laparotomy were compared with those having elective gastrointestinal surgery. Relationships between reported checklist use and mortality were determined using multivariable logistic regression and bootstrapped simulation. Results Of 12 296 patients included from 76 countries, 4843 underwent emergency laparotomy. After adjusting for patient and disease factors, checklist use before emergency laparotomy was more common in countries with a high Human Development Index (HDI) (2455 of 2741, 89.6 per cent) compared with that in countries with a middle (753 of 1242, 60.6 per cent; odds ratio (OR) 0.17, 95 per cent c.i. 0.14 to 0.21, P <0001) or low (363 of 860, 422 per cent; OR 008, 007 to 010, P <0.001) HDI. Checklist use was less common in elective surgery than for emergency laparotomy in high-HDI countries (risk difference -94 (95 per cent c.i. -11.9 to -6.9) per cent; P <0001), but the relationship was reversed in low-HDI countries (+121 (+7.0 to +173) per cent; P <0001). In multivariable models, checklist use was associated with a lower 30-day perioperative mortality (OR 0.60, 0.50 to 073; P <0.001). The greatest absolute benefit was seen for emergency surgery in low- and middle-HDI countries. Conclusion Checklist use in emergency laparotomy was associated with a significantly lower perioperative mortality rate. Checklist use in low-HDI countries was half that in high-HDI countries.Peer reviewe

Studies on petroleum with the ultracentrifuge.

Bibliography: p. 73-75

Summary of water flood operations in Illinois oil pools during 1952

"Reprint of the report published by the Interstate Oil Compact Commission, 1953.

Water flooding in Illinois

"Preprint of paper presented at the spring meeting of the Eastern District, Division of Production, American Petroleum Institute, Pittsburgh, Pa., April 4, 1952."Bibliography: p. 8

Studies on Petroleum With the Ultracentrifuge

162 p.Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1957.U of I OnlyRestricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETD

Summary of water flood operations in Illinois oil pools during 1951,

Mode of access: Internet

Use of trace metals to identify Illinois crude oils

Bibliography: p. 16

Studies of waterflood performance II. Trapping oil in a pore doublet.

Includes bibliographical references (p. 13)